Ante Room Part III

Miss Cunningham, the nurse keeps on being friendly with Reggie. Agnes however is now torn between her feelings for Vincent and her love for her sister. He tells Agnes that he loves her..and they are both tormented by their love for each other. Divorce in a Victorian Catholic family is out of the question, and even if it were not a Catholic family, as her brother in law, Vincent could not marry Agnes. Miss Cunningham hints to Reggie that she would take care of him, if his mother dies and that his mother is ill and in pain and she is struggling to stay alive for his sake, which is not fair to her. Danny, her husband is hurt as he can see that Teresa loves Reggie much more than she ever loved him. Then Reggie and Miss Cunningham announce that they are getting married. Agnes is rather shocked, but her doctor admirer tells her that Miss Cunningham,as a nurse is well aware of Reggie's condition and that she is willing to look after him and have a sexless marriage.. and he will be content with her, if his mother dies. He points out to Agnes that although she does not much like Miss Cunningham, she is not a bad person and she's a good nurse. She is not well off and its understandable that she should be ready to make a marriage with him, with its various limitations so that she will have a comfortable home.. Agnes can see that he's right and that Reggie will be cared for and his mother will be able to die in peace knowing that her son will be all right.

The Ante Room Part II

Agnes is lovely and intelligent and has devoted herself to looking after her mother and the house. Her feelings for Vincent, her brother in law, she keeps secret. She loves her sister Marie Rose, and is surprised when Marie Rose suddenly arrives at the house, without her husband. She has come to see her mother and support her, while she is seeing the doctors. Marie Rose is rather silly and flighty but she is good natured and loves Agnes very much. She tells her sister that she and VIncent are not getting on and she left him behind because she does not want to have him around her. Agnes knows that Marie Rose is silly, rather snobbish and not very clever, but she still loves her and is upset to hear that her marriage is not working out. Reggie is very frightened that his mother is going to die, and he refuses to believe it. He depends on her very much to give his life some purpose and to show him affection. He is surprised when the nurse who is looking after his mother begins to show him a little kindness, trying to calm him down about the probablity that Teresa will die soon. She is from a modest background and like governesses, she knows that the families she works for dont see her as a lady and look down on her. Agnes and Marie Rose are not all that nice to her... and begin to wonder why she is being friendly with Reggie. The famous doctor arrives to examine Teresa... and then to Marie Rose's amazement her husband suddenly turns up at the Mulqueen house. She does not want to share her room with him and cries on Agnes' shoulder.

Ante Room Part I

This is another of Kate O'Brien's novels, which is related to her first novel "Without my Cloak". Teresa Mulqueen is the daughter of John Considine, and she did not make a grand marriage unlike her sisters. Her husband was given a job in the family firm, but he was never very intelligent or good at the job. Teresa had several children, and her favourite, her eldest son, Reggie, has been rakish and contracted a sexually transmitted disease which is slowly killing him. Teresa has cancer and she's very ill. A famous surgeon from England is coming to see her, to advise on whether another operation would help her or if she could stand it. She wants to try and live a bit longer, to look after Reggie but she is getting weaker. The Mulqueen house is being run by Agnes, her daughter who is single and very beautiful. Agnes is admired by the local doctor but she has been in love for some time with Vincent, the husband of her younger sister Marie Rose.

Pray for the Wanderer Part II

Matt Costello has had some success with his plays in London and the US. He feels he needs a break from London because he has been involved for some time with a married English actress who does not want to get a divorce. He is very fond of his brother, Will who has a farm near Mellick, and his wife Una is a very sweet good natured woman. He finds it hard to be apart from his mistress but it seems as if their affair is doomed. However he does not like the new Ireland that has come along since the separation from England. As a writer, he finds the censorship and narrowness of mind very depressing. He feels that it destroys art, and that apart from literature, Ireland has no great art unlike other Catholic countries. He supported the fight for Irish independence but is dismayed by what he sees the country has become. (Its believed that this novel was written to hit back at Irish censorship as it came soon after Mary Lavelle, Kate's "Spanish" novel was banned in Ireland. Largely because of its having a lesbian character and the heroine engaging in an adulterous relationship). Una's sister Nell is a supporter of De Valera and a devout Catholic, and although she is attractive and intelligent, he finds himself at odds with her... Una had hoped that he and Nell might get along as Nell is a teacher and well read, but they dont. Nell lives with her aunt who is also a devout and narrow minded Catholic, and her cousin Tom lives with them. He is more open minded and Matt learns that years ago, Tom and Nell were engaged. As cousins they had to get a dispensation from Rome to marry, but in that time, Nell found out that Tom had had an affair with a shop girl, who had his child. He has supported the child and remained in touch with the girl, and she later married a man of her own class, but Nell becomes positively hysterical that Tom was thinking of marrying HER when he had seduced a young woman and made her pregnant.

Pray for the Wanderer by Kate O' Brien

This was one of Kate's mid life novels and it is set in Ireland in the 1930s, the age of De Valera. Kate was not a radical but she was liberal minded and when she lived in Spain she sympathised with the Spanish republic and disapproved of the conservative faction who ruled Spain. She lived in Ireland for some time as an adult but in her later years she moved to England and lived there till she died. Her novels were less popular and she was not well off but she preferred England to the conservative little state that Ireland had become after it gained independence. She had been brought up a Catholic but as a young woman she began to lose her faith. Probably some of this was to do with her realising that she was a lesbian which was forbidden by the Church. However she thought of herself as a European and she regarded Catholicism as part of the wider European tradition and did not entirely reject it. She found Irish Catholicism narrow and depressing and unintellectual. Her hero in Pray for the Wanderer is an Irish playwright - Matt Costello -who lives in London and he comes home for a short holiday to see his brother and his brother's family. More will follow.

Without my Cloak, Part V

Christina tells him that she is settling into New York life and when he tells her he still loves her and wants her to come home and marry him, she refuses. She knows that their class differences will make it impossible for her to become part of his family. Denis is confused. He wants to rescue her and doesnt know why she is so reluctant to accept his offer of marriage. Then she tells him that she has had an offer of marriage from someone in New York and she's going to marry him. Denis doesn't believe her, at first and thinks that she is making it up to save him from having to marry her and take her back to Ireland. But when he meets her employer, he can see that the man, who is quite a bit older than Christina, does love her and perhaps she will be happy with him. She seems so determined to stay in New York, and he knows that she's right about the problems of her marrying into the wealthy Considines. Sadly, he goes back home. He is now close to his 21st birthday and his father is trying to cheer him up by giving him generous presents and a promotion in his job. He is pleased in one way but then suddenly he ralises that he's being trapped, and that he does not want to be trapped. He decides to walk out on the family, and disappears for a day. His father is badly shaken. Then Denis returns towards the end of the day and meets Anna Hennessy, the daughter of a wealthy Catholic businessman, who is intelligent and attractive. She and he start to talk and he decides that he will stay in Mellick and try to pursue a relationship with her. She is more suitable to marry him than Christina was, and he finds himself falling for her. Im not so keen on this ending as it seems rather callous of Denis to leave Christina, whom he claimed to love, in New York...and he seems to rush into this new relationship with Anna.

Without my Cloak Part IV

Denis is drawn towards Christina, but knows his family would be horrified at the bare idea of his being friendly with a peasant girl who is illegitimate and the child of a servant. But within a short time, he and she become lovers. He feels like he is deeply in love with her and doesn't know what to do. Then he goes to meet her, one evening and she does not turn up. He finds that his uncle Tom, who is parish priest of the area covering the river, was walking late one night near his home and heard the two young lovers talking. He goes to Christina's aunt and tells her that they must send Christina away to prevent the 2 young people from falling into sin. Her aunt does not care much for her niece, and is willing to push her into going abroad, especially as Fr Tom is willing to pay for her to go away. Denis is furious when he discovers that Christina, who feared going to a big city, has been forced to go-. She has relatives in New York and Fr Tom has paid for her to go there, and given her some money.. Denis angrily tells his uncle and relatives that he and Christina were lovers and they are even more horrified. He says that he is going to America to find her. They know they cant stop him.. but are scandalised that he has been having sex with a girl and that she is a servant's child. Denis sails for America and when he gets to New York, he finds that Christina's aunt who lived there with an abusive husband has moved away from the city and noone knows where she is. So Christina had noone to give her a home when she arrived. He spends weeks searching the waterfront and the poor areas to see if she has found some work and a place to live there. When he has almost given up hope, he finds her one day. She has a job in a small diner and the owner is not unkind to her, but she has to work very hard.

Without My Cloak Part III

Eddy and Denis note that Caroline is now middle aged and not very happy and feel sorry for her. Another member of the family is Teresa, Eddy's sister, who marries a nonentity called Danny Mulqueen. He works in Considine's but is not very clever. She has several children and lives for the eldest boy, Reggie, who is a rakish young man, who contracts a sexually transmitted disease. He is in poor health, and Teresa only half understands what's wrong with him. The Mulqueens appear in one of OBrien's later novels, The Ante Room, where the heroine is Agnes, Reggie's sister. Eddy talks seriously to Denis when the boy is leaving school, telling him that he should make use of the fortune that his grandfather left him, and not go into the family business. He thinks that Denis has some special qualities and he should at least try his luck at something outside even if he does end up settling for Considines. Denis is tempted but he loves his father and finds it hard to walk out on him. Denis starts working in the business and finds it rather dull but he does not want to hurt his father so he starts learning it from the bottom up. His cousin, Tony, goes into an order of Monks at Mount Mellary, and he loses touch with him.. and he can't understand why he has taken on this hard life. Getting increasingly bored, Denis starts going fishing at a river nearby, and enjoys it for a time, but then he meets a girl from a local farm, Christina Roche, who is gathering firewood near the river. Her aunt has a small farm which is rented from a Protestant landlord, and is very poor, living just above starvation level. Denis is struck by her beauty, and she tells him that she is illegitimate. Her mother was a servant who got pregnant and her aunt agreed to take care of her but she is barely able to support herself and her own children. Christina dreads the thought of emigrating to America or even England but she fears that her aunt can't give her a home indefinitely.

Without my Cloak Part II

Anthony is desperately upset by his wife's death. She was only a young woman and had had 8 children. He knows that Molly was not ever very maternal and that the frequent pregnancies wore her body out and made her unhappy but both of them were in love and eager to be lovers. Due to their Catholicism however they could not do anything to protect her against having babies. He travels abroad for work a lot and he begins to take mistresses, and decides not to remarry but to see his women while away from Ireland. Anthony loves his eldest son Denis, very much and spoils him. He is the cleverest and most attractive of the family. Denis loves his father and is delighted that he allows him his own way so much. He takes a great interest in gardening and Anthony lets him re design the garden of their country house... As Denis grows up, he reads a lot and gets a good education. Other members of the family are fond of him, especially his uncle Eddy who runs the English branch of the business and uses living in England to get out from the strict Irish Catholic atmosphere and the rather smothering ambience of his family. It is hinted that Eddy might be gay, but he also has a special love for his sister Caroline, who is married in Mellick and has several children. She however is not that happy with Mellick life or her marriage. She does not like sex with her husband, and after several years, she suddenly runs away, and goes to London to seek refuge with Eddy. During her short stay there, she is aware that her family will be horrified by her walking out, and will pressure her to come back and that she can't escape Mellick or the Considines. She meets one of Eddy's friends and is attracted by him and tempted to sleep with him. But Eddy tells her sadly that she has no real choice. She has to go back to her husband. Caroline returns and tries to tolerate her husband and her life at home.

Without my Cloak, by Kate O'Brien

I hope to write a blog about Without my Cloak, the first novel of Kate O'Brien. It won a prize - the Hawthorden Prize- and launched her on a fiction writing career. It is based loosely on her own family history. In the later Victorian era, a small minority of Catholics began to rise in the world, thanks to the removal of restrictions on Catholics and the fall in population after the Famine. There were a lot less people in Ireland and the opportunities for Catholics to rise in the world increased. They were running successful businesses and forming a new Catholic middle class, which rivalled the Protestant landed class which was beginning to lose its status. Kate's grandfather had been evicted from his home and it worked out well for him, as he moved to Limerick city and set up a sucessful business. By the time Kate was growing up, the family were less prosperous but they were middle class and still doing reasonably well. Without my Cloak is a history of the Considine family who sell fodder for horses... Their start in business was initiated by Antony Considine who stole a horse and escaped from his country home to Mellick (O'Briens name for Limerick) and founded a business. His son, "Honest John" Considine, became very well to do and had a large family. His sons became successful, one a priest, another a doctor.. and his son Anthony took over running the business. Honest John died and Anthony who now had a sizable family, also lost his young wife Molly. M/F

Josephine Tey II

Her most prominent detective character is Alan Grant, who appears in 6 novels. She also wrote a mystery called the Franchise Affair, which is based on an eighteenth century mystery case set in modern times. One of her best known novels is Daughter of Time which is an odd mystery where Grant is confined to a hospital bed after a bad fall. Bored, he looks at some pictures brought in by a friend, post cards of portaits in the National Gallery. He is taken with the picture of Richard III, and starts to read up about him, and to investigate the allegation that Richard killed his 2 nephews. It is a novel that puts me off, as Grant decides that the picture shows a good man and that therefore he could not have done the murders of the 2 princes. He gets friends to help him by looking up documents and finding books for him and he finally comes to the conclusion that Richard is not guilty and that the murders were done by Henry VII. I feel that Tey is refusing to read any evidence that the boys were probably murdered by Richard. Tey led a quiet life, in Scotland, mostly concentrating on her writing. She became ill and became even more private, not wanting to see her friends when she was seriously ill. She was looked after by her sister and died in 1952, aged only 55. Her last novel was published posthumously. She is an interesting person even though she's not my favourite mystery novelist.

Josephine Tey Part I

Josephine Tey's real name was Elizabeth Mackintosh, and she was born in Scotland in 1896, her father Colin Mackintosh had a fruiterer business and her mother was a housewife. She did not go to University, as it was rare for girls in those days, but she instead went to a Physical Training college to become a PT teacher. She spent some years working in different schools as PT instructor and enjoyed her work. In 1914, she also did some VAD work when on holiday to "do her bit" for the war effort. She worked in England and also in Scotland. In 1923, she returned to Scotland to care for her mother who was ill and when her mother died, she stayed on to keep house for her father. She had been injured in a gym accident before she settled to housekeeping, and decided to try her hand at writing. Her first novel was about a Scottish regiment and then she wrote a mystery novel where she created her best known detective Alan Grant who is a police officer. She didn't write many novels with Grant as the lead character but she got good reviews. However her ambition was to write a play and she wrote one called Richard of Bordeaux under the pen name Gordon Daviot. It did well in the West End and she became friends with John Gielgud. She wrote several plays but they did not do that well and she went on writing novels. M/F

Thomas Hardy V

Sue becomes very depressed after the deaths of her children, and begins to get religious scruples. She believes that the children died to punish her for her sins in getting a divorce and living with Jude. She and he separate and to punish herself further, she returns to Philottson and lives with him as his wife though she hates it. Jude returns to Arabella, and she does not care much for him. He goes to get a glimpse of Sue on a cold winter day and becomes ill and dies. Arabella plans to marry a new man. Jude's life has ended in tragedy. The novel is depressing and confusing, with characters changing their minds all the time and moving in and out of marriages. Hardy's vision of life was sad and tragic.... In most of his serious novels, the hero or heroine comes to a sad end...and the more selfish characters do well. Tess of the D'urbervilles has the same kind of chopping and changing of the attitudes of the characters - Tess comes across as very stupid- and she ends on the gallows. Jude got a lot of criticism for the anti religous tone and the sexual activities of the characters... and Emma Hardy really hated it. She was afraid that the novel would damage Hardy's reputation and that it might lead to gossip about her marriage to him. By then Hardy was involved with Florence Dugdale who acted as his secretary, and they were having an affair. Emma became more angry and reclusive and her health declined and she died suddenly. Hardy planned to marry Florence, but he was feeling guilty about Emma. He gave up writing novels and concentrated on poetry, and some of his new poems were love poems to Emma, which upset Florence. They were getting married and now her new husband was writing love poems about his dead wife, whom he had neglected and disliked during their marriage.

Thomas Hardy IV

Arabella leaves Jude and goes to Australia with another man, whom she marries bigamously. Jude persuades Sue to leave her husband and come to him. Their relationship is at first sexless because Sue does not like sex, and dislikes it all the more with her husband. Arabella then comes back to England and brings her son by Jude with her. She and Jude get a divorce, but she leaves the child with him...Sue gets a divorce from Phillotson, and she and Jude begin to have a sexual life. They have 2 children but she is reluctant to marry him. She has radical ideas and is less religious than Jude. But the fact that they are not married is a problem... they lead a nomadic life moving from job to job, and not having much money, and when their unmarried status is discovered Jude usually loses his job. Sue is stressed out by this, looking after her 2 children and "Father time" as they call Jude's son by Arabella... Then after Jude has lost another job, they wake up one morning to find that Jude's son has been brooding over their problems and lack of money, and he has killed his 2 siblings and himself. Sue, who is pregnant again, is horrified and has a miscarriage.

Thomas Hardy III

Im not really a big fan of Hardy's novels, though I have read most of them. They are more like fairy stories than realistic novels. Most of his characters are simple people, and not that easy to identify with.. they seem absurdly naive. His last novel, Jude the Obscure, is about a young man who works as a mason. He is clever and would like to go to Oxford, but he is too poor to think of this. He then is seduced by a coarse and earthy girl, Arabella, who tells him she is pregnant, and he ends up marrying her. They havew a son. He is also involved with one of his cousins, Sue Fawley, who like him has ambitions to learn and get on in the world. He is fond of her, but he's tied to Arabella. Sue goes to a teacher training college..and Jude goes on working as a manual worker. Sue is an odd wilful girl who seems to repeatedly do things that turn out badly for herself. Her family believe that marriage does not suit their temperaments and that their marriages usually turn out badly. She marries a school teacher, Phillotson whom she finds repugnant sexually...though she has come to love Jude.

Thomas Hardy II

Hardy was close to his mother, who was rather domineering, and to his sisters and he courted several girls during his youth. He then married Emma Gifford, a girl of a higher class. Her father was a solicitor and she had an uncle who was an archdeacon. However her father retired early and the family were not so well off as they had been and Emma and her sister had to go out as governesses. Hardy was still working as an architect, and was doing a report on a parish church, when he met Emma, who had clerical connextions. She could see his talent, and encouraged him to write. However she was also very class conscious and soon developed the idea that he was of much lower class than her, and that she was his superior. This caused a rift in their marriage. She began to put him down in front of people and she and he grew apart. People found her odd and difficult to get on with and began to think of her as a little mad. His novels were about class differences and tension between the sexes. He began to flirt with other women, and Emma became more reclusive.

Thomas Hardy

I hope to write a blog about Thomas Hardy soon. He was a poet and novelist, born in 1840 in Dorset and coming from a relatively humble background. His father was a builder and he himself trained as an architecht. He wrote about the poor people of his native land. He called the region of Dorset Wessex and wrote about farmers, builders, labourers, milkmaids and the like. He was brought up in the Church of England but as he grew up, he lost his religious faith. He wrote many novels, but as he grew older he began to criticise society, and the church and the Victorian sexual mores.The public and critics were shocked by his increasingly scandalous writing, as they saw it, and after the publication of his last Novel Jude the Obscure, he gave up novels and concentrated on writing poetry. More will follow

Agnes Grey II

Agnes finds Matilda and Rosalie silly and selfish, and she starts to visit the poor in the village. She is friendly with one old lady, Nancy, who is losing her sight and wants someone to read the bible to her. THe local clergyman is haughty and insensitive, but there is a new curate Edward Weston, who is kinder. Agnes begins to see him around the village and likes him. Rosalie is attracted to him and tries to pretend to be nicer than she really is, to win his interest. However she wants to marry a rich gentleman. Agnes talks to Mr Weston and they build up a friendship. Rosalie continues to flirt with him but is looking for a suitable husband in between flirtations. Agnes is hurt that her one friend is being drawn away from her...Then she has a letter from her sister Mary to say that their father is very ill. She leaves and hurries home but her father dies before she gets there. She feels there is nothing to go back for, as Mr Weston has not made any advances towards her, and she dislikes the Murray family. After Mr Grey's death, she and her mother set up a small school and make a modest living that way. Later, she gets an invitation from Rosalie Murray who is now married to a baronet, Sir Thomas Ashby. She goes reluctantly and finds that Rosalie is depressed and wants someone to sympathise with her. She has grown to hate her husband, who is controlling and selfish and who resents her flirting with other men. She has a baby daughter but is not maternal. Agnes tries to cheer her but there is not much she can do for Rosalie-. She leaves Ashby Park and goes home and soon afterwards she finds that Mr Weston is now working in the next parish. She meets him at the seashore and they talk and renew their friendship. Mrs Grey meets him and likes him and they plan to marry. They have a happy life and produce three children. Agnes is based on the young naieve Anne, and Mr Weston on Willie Weightman... Anne gives herself a happy ending...but the novel is slight. Anne had some talent as a writer but she had not developed very much by the time of her early death. Agnes Grey has not much plot, and like Charlotte, Anne tended to have a biased view of the upper classes. Her upper class characters are not such caricatures as Charlotte's Blanche Ingram.. but her strict morality limited her. Charlotte did not really approve of Tenant, believing that the subject matter was sordid and that Anne should not have written it. Again Anne's limitations show up. Gilbert is a clumsy character, like many Bronte men he has a violent streak which does not fit in with his portayal as a respectable gentleman farmer. He loses his temper unreasonably with Frederick Lawrence and attacks him. Like her sisters Anne did not know many men, and apart from Edward Weston, she tended to portray them as very flawed and often violent. Huntingdon and his friends are alcoholics and womanisers and gamblers and fight among themselves. Gilbert is ready to fight with Frederick Lawrence and is jealous and angry at Helen because she refuses his advances. However she does have a talent, even if her strictness makes the novels hard going and she might have improved with maturity.

Agnes Grey By Anne Bronte I

This is the first novel published by Anne Bronte, which is somewhat autobiographical. It is based on her life as a governess. Agnes is the daughter of a clergyman, her mother is from a well to do family but married for love and the family end up in debt. Mr Grey is not very good at investing money. Agnes is naive and childlike, and wants to help her father,mother and sister, telling them that she can go out as a governess. She has a rather foolish idea that she will love the job, and that childen are sweet little things. She gets a job with the Bloomfield family and finds it is nothing like she imagined. The children are spoiled and unmanageable. She is not allowed to discipline them but is blamed for all their flaws. Tom the son is a brattish cruel boy who loves torturing animals and birds and she tries to stop him. She kills a nest of birds to stop him form hurting them... and before long, she is dismissed. She gets another job with a richer family, the Murrays. The children are older and not quite so unteachable but Agnes is ignored by the family to a large extent. Rosalie, the elder daughter is a flirt, and Matilda is a rough tomboy. She does not like them much but it is a degree better than her last job.